Existing Direct Tax System and Proposed Direct Tax Code in India Essay

Tax is defined as a compulsory payment made to the government by the individuals firms and companies without any expectation of a direct return. In general there are two types of tax system prevailing in our country. One is direct tax and other is indirect tax. Here we will restrict our discussion to direct tax only. Direct taxes are those the burden of which cannot be shifted, that is incidence and impact is on the same person. In India the tax law is governed by the finance act. The amendments are brought through budget every year which is issued on the last date of February. There have been various arguments in regard to the complexity of the tax laws. The new tax system which is proposed basically focuses on the principle of equality and simplicity. Instead of having different explanations of tax laws under different umbrellas all the laws will be brought under one head. The new tax system will be highly focused on the matter that the richer should pay heavier tax and vice-versa. For this regard the exemption limit and tax slabs will be expanded higher. Moreover under new taxation laws various taxes like securities transaction tax will also be abolished thus making the code an efficient one. With the new tax code being implemented in India one can expect to have free trade across the length and breadth of the country and peace in the bags of investors. Thus, the new tax system is an attempt to create a system with minimum loopholes of the existing system, thus contributing to the national benefit.

North and South Poles

Humans need fresh water. We use it for drinking, for washing and to water our plants. Industries need it to power the chemical reactions that produce our modern lives.Even if more than 60% of the Earth's surface is covered in water, this is salt water which is not adept for the purposes we listed above. Of the freshwater in the surface, a vast majority of it is locked in ice caps at the North and South Poles.Moreover, human activity has also slowly contributed to the degradation of surface freshwater sources such as rivers and lakes. Because of this, groundwater is slowly becoming an important source of freshwater for daily use.The search for aquifers would need to draw on some geological concepts. First, aquifers would need a source of groundwater. This groundwater usually comes from rainfall meaning that areas with higher amounts of rainfall are much more likely to have aquifers than areas which don't have as much rain.Some aquifers may be found in areas which do not have much rain . The water in these aquifers are prehistoric water which came from the previous ice age.While useful, these aquifers are not good sources as the water in the water table is not anymore replenished. Second, aquifers rely on th existence of semi porous rocks to store water. Knowledge of the composition of the rock in an area will help identify possible aquifers if the kind of semi porous rock needed for aquifer formation is found.Lastly, I'd also prioritize valleys and plains over hills and mountains. Specifically, I will choose low lying areas near open bodies of water as these areas would have more accessible ground water as the surface of the ground is not very far from the water table.Incidentally, I would avoid areas near the sea as the groundwater in these places are suspect for saltwater intrusion. Also, I'd be wary of human activity in the area as the aquifer may be located in an area such as a former landfill, chemical disposal, or city. These things may contaminate the grou ndwater and make it unsafe for drinking.BibliographyThompson, G.. & Turk, J. (2007) Earth Science and the Environment 4th edition. New York: Thomson Brooks Cole

Issues In Criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Issues In Criminology - Essay Example 295). Intense gender discrimination, like the refusal of numerous law schools to give access to women, the frequent segregation of women from juries, and the habit of imposing to female and male ‘offenders’ different punishments for the same offences went mostly unquestioned (Lanier & Henry, 1998, 279). The scale of the victimisation of girls and women indicated that the lack of attention on the role of violence in the lives of women was the prime issue to appeal to the interest of feminist scholars and advocates. Due to this, a large volume of literature exists on the issue of victimisation of women, particularly in the subject matters of sexual abuse, sexual harassment, and domestic violence. Meanwhile, the identification of the breadths and forms of female victimisation had a considerable influence on policy making, and it is perhaps the most concrete contribution of radical feminism to mainstream criminology (Almeder, Koertge & Pinnick, 2003, 18). The influence of cr iminology and especially criminological theory was varied, although, partly because these crimes did not at appear to challenge. The impact on the field of criminology and particularly criminological theory was mixed, however, in part because these offenses did not initially seem to dispute androcentric criminology as such (ibid, p. 18). Rather, the notions of ‘victimology’ and ‘domestic violence’, while crucial in the development of feminist perspective of criminology, also provided mainstream criminologists and several practitioners of criminal justice an alternative way of understanding criminology theory and research (Flavin, 2001). The objective of this essay is to discuss the development of feminist criminology, focusing on the post-war period, especially the 1960s and 1970s. More particularly, the essay will focus on the contribution of the three feminist perspectives, namely, (1) feminist empiricism, (2) standpoint feminism, and (3) feminist postmod ernism to British criminology theory and research. Feminist Perspectives of Criminology Feminist perspectives have remarkably grown in areas that have more established practices of interpretive knowledge like history and literature (Flavin, 2001). On the contrary, the tradition of criminology persists to be profoundly ingrained in the scientific method (ibid, p. 273). A great deal of British mainstream criminology is founded on principles that ‘science is value neural’ (Flavin, 2001, 273). Research can be duplicated, as argued by positivism, since researchers generate knowledge in related ways, making criminologists similar with each other (Almeder et al., 2003, 20). Richard Powers of the New York Times recognised the ‘vesting of authority in experiment’ (Flavin, 2001, 274) as the most outstanding thought of the new century. Yet, Powers (1999) argued that scholars â€Å"from Ludwig Wittgenstein to Thomas Kuhn and beyond† (ibid, p. 81) have mentioned, ... that fact and artefact may be closer than most empiricists are comfortable accepting... That great empiricists have rejected initial data on hunches, until their observations produced more acceptable numbers. That

Materiality in Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Materiality in Auditing - Essay Example Due to economic turmoil, every company has become more conscious about financial statements and auditing. The mission of the financial audit is to offer credible information for the effectiveness of the decision making process. In auditing function, materiality is an important concept. As per the Council for International Accountancy Standard (IASB), materiality is defined as a â€Å"general code for drawing up and presenting financial statements† (Maria & Franca, n.d.). Materiality is regarded as a financial misstatement. The variation is amid the budgeted and actual cost on the basis of the material purchased. Varied financial institutions and organizations have used materiality to make auditing report perfect (Fields, 2011). Therefore, Financial Accounting Standard Broad has renounced quantitative guidelines for determining materiality in auditing. In general auditing of a company is to provide a fair image of the financial statement. Nowadays, every private organization us e materiality to maintain secrecy in financial accounting statements. With the help of auditing systems financial institutes has minimized materiality in company’s financial statements (Baietti & et. al., 2012). It has been minimized by implementing the concept of materiality in the planning as well as final process. Materiality relies on various aspect of element considering situations of erroneous omission or presentation. The objective of this paper is to highlight materiality importance in auditing. Moreover, this study also highlights recent audit regulation, changed audit practice in relation to disclosure of materiality. The audit represents a professional reasoning that can be applied in any domain. The main purpose of discrepancies reported is to control some corrective measures necessary for reduction or elimination of identified discrepancies. The materiality concept depends upon dimension of element or an error

Global Business Context Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Business Context - Outline Example The main purpose of this document is to develop a set of parameters by which an ideal country can be chosen for locating the business. The rate of economic growth in southeast Asia is quite low in comparison to other countries. Therefore, its GDP per capita had been falling to a certain extent behind that of Indonesia, Brazil and China. It has been stated by OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development) that those countries possessing more than $ 8,000 of per capita income are classified as high income countries. Therefore, the product of global venture is likely to succeed if the country has more than $8,000 of per capita income. The development of the product along with the sales and marketing of the product requires high skilled employees especially for the purpose of designing and engineering services. Therefore, the staff must possess good communication services. It is the ubiquity of the mobile phones that causes changes in the cultural norms. Although the chips will add new features to the mobile phones, most of its features may not be accepted universally. Therefore, there is socio-cultural impact of the chip on the buyers. Yes, the demand for the product is sensitive to recession because during the times of recession, the buyers may undo the purchase of cell phones and therefore have an impact on the mobile chip as well. The product requires high level of financing in order to get off the ground. It has been noted that most of the mobile chip companies, such as Nokia are investing huge amount of money to expand its operations. The companies compete in terms of both price and non price competition. They try to reduce the overall cost of operation and therefore lower the price of their product. In addition to this, the companies try to make the product attractive by adding new features to it on a regular basis. Based on your research summarised above, in this box you must now

My willing contribution to the university and my hopes for college Essay

My willing contribution to the university and my hopes for college experience - Essay Example tudents who get education in a community college just because the government provides them with money or some students study their because of their parents. The lack of strength in the utilization of their capabilities is disturbing. Students cheat to get good grades and focus on passing the examination instead of learning. This trend needs to be altered to improve the educational status globally and to produce high quality achievers. The system of going to school and then going to work to pay for the school fees is one of the factors that de-motivates a lot of college going students. The cycle leaves little space for personal development of a person. My aim in life has always been to explore the story of the people around me and being a part time educationist I consider it a responsibility to teach them and show them the right direction. Every person can make a contribution to their society for its betterment and my responsibility is to make sure that my students and other people around me acknowledge their true potential. The University of Colorado fosters a culturally diverse environment and an inclusive community which I hope to become a part of and contribute my skills that I have gained through my personal experiences. My aim would be to give in my best at every on campus activity and accomplish all targets set by my professors. Tutoring has taught me that there is a fire in each soul that is waiting to be ignited and with the proper attention given to a person, there are miracles that can be achieved. It is necessary for each person to understand what they are capable of and know their worth because it this in this way that they can succeed in life. Diverse environment gives out the proper conditions necessary for me to contribute to and to make myself better. I am willing to bring the same zeal and zest to the University of Colorado and achieve my aim. There is no age of learning and a person can achieve much in life by having an attitude of never giving

Project Manager Being an effective project manager Essay

Project Manager Being an effective project manager - Essay Example Indeed, we managed to implement the system but this was not an easy task given that there were so many problems that were encountered right from the project initiation process up to the end. However, I realised that the success of such a project mainly depends with the leader’s capability to deal with people involved in the project in a positive manner. It is not very easy to convince people to buy the idea of a new project without explaining to them the main idea behind such an initiative. When confronted with such a situation, an effective leader ought to engage all the people who will be involved in the project so as to be in a position to gain their support towards the idea. According to Fox (2008), the most important thing when initiating a project is to ensure that there is agreement and consensus among all the stakeholders who will be involved in such a project. People often view the same thing in different ways and their opinions differ as a result of various factors. However, I realised that in order to become an effective project manager, there is need to involve all members who will execute the project so that they can be in a position to express their views and ideas freely. Mutual understanding can be created if all members of the team share the same ideas towards something. In our case, we only managed to reach consensus when we discussed the idea as a team given that some of the employees were against the idea in the first place. An idea that is shared by the majority of people in a group is likely to succeed and project leaders should be accommodative to different views suggested by other people. When the project idea has been approved and an agreement has been reached, the project manager should take a leading role in the execution of that project. However, being a leader does not mean to say that a project manager has the autonomy to dictate everything to other members involved in the project. An effective project manager is always on t he ground to monitor all tasks and activities being performed by different members of the team. The manager should also be in a position to get feedback from the team members so as to be in a position to make necessary adjustments to different aspects of the work being undertaken. As a leader, I noticed that it is essential to interact with different team members so that all people involved share the same vision as stated in the project plan. All project phases have to be implemented according to schedule so as to ensure that the set goals are attainable. Effective managers carefully consider all aspects of a project and they make sure that all activities are performed according to set plans. Another very important element that determines the effectiveness of project managers is related to team communication. It is quite impossible for any project to be a success without proper communication in place. Kritzinger, Bowler & Goliath (2003) suggest that there is no project which can be a success without a good communication system in place. Basically, communication ought to be timely and it should be effective so that all people involved in the project share the same vision towards the project goals. An effective manager in this case has the responsibility of coordinating all communication initiatives and he should also make sure that open communication channels are put it place in order to ensure that he can get