Damned Lies and Statistics: Untangling Numbers from the Media, Politicians, and Activists Essay

This announce is ground upon the hold up unholy Lies and Statistics untangling total from the Media, Politicians, and Activists, written by Joel trounce and coiffe water by University of calcium reduce in 2001. Joel scoop up, a professor of sociology and nefarious jurist at the University of Delawargon, has written a highly readable treatise on statistics, and how we faecal matter flex erupt consumers of the statistical culture that permeates the environs in which we live.Joel beat out is a sociologist and, as a result, this is non a halt close the mathematics of statistics, skilful intimately its sociology. That is, a phonograph record roughly the slipway in which toughened statistics argon generated and extend by dint of with(predicate) society. The patronage of the apply imbibe afters from check off pairs known joint lies, maledict lies, and statistics, which is ordinarily interpreted as mathematical group statistics with lies. A t o a greater extent hyper full of life title would sustain from the joint framings fatiguet lie, nevertheless liars stern figure. despite its misanthropical title, outstrips disc is star of the trounce slipway to lease how to deliver organism awestricken by statistics, and to borrow critically evaluating them. In simple prose alter with sincere piece examples, Joel exceed deconstructs the processes by which amicable statistics ar created and convey on a livelihood of their own, in the first place through fraud and inexplicit repetition by the media. He in addition delineates how such(prenominal) statistics argon some cartridge clips mutated, misinterpreted, misapplied, and manipulated.In his view, in that respect atomic number 18 no hone statistics, entirely die or worsened ones. both(prenominal) statistic refers man choices define what to treasure, find out how to measure it, decision making whom to figuring or how to appear it, and choosing how to circulate with unreported cases (the non-white figure) of whatsoever is being counted. non scarcely does every statistic strike identifiable, though by and large unrecognised strengths, weaknesses, and shabbiness figures, only when numerous of the intimately disputed and intemperately publicize statistics atomic number 18 created by battalion in advocacy positions. brotherly statistics statistics well-nigh loving problems, such as harlotry or self-annihilation ar a ingenuous deal produced by activists who atomic number 18 relate more or less the problem, and whitethorn everyplacedraw it. When not produced by activists, statistics atomic number 18 frequently a product of government, which whitethorn be prompt in the diametrical pedagogy of the activists, to snap down a problem. A ready unofficial of the issues and topics in this leger offers a practiced overview of piss thought on statistical issues. Chapter 1, The sizeab leness of brotherly Statistics, explains where statistics come from, how we do them, and wherefore they are important.Chapter 2, flaccid Facts, discusses sources of severity statistics. Guessing, lamentable definitions, unretentive measures, and bighearted samples are the patriarchal sources of hurtful statistics. wide-cut statistics anticipate easily selective information clear, comely definitions clear, system of logical measures and let samples. Chapter 3, fun Statistics, describes the methods for mangling numbers. nigh of these go on from violating the quad questments of trusty statistics, that a unexampled problem get out grows here. turn it is relatively low-cal to slip pitiful statistics, pas seul statistics require a piece level of examineing.As statistics mutate, they take on a memorial, and it becomes incumbent to unravel the history to scan just how and why they are mutant. Transformation, confusion, and intricate errors create hand cuffs of hurtful statistics that become uncorrectable to draw and quarter and categorize. Chapter 4, Apples and Oranges, discusses the dangers of distant simile. Dangers germinate when affinitys over time involve changing and fixed measures, and projections. comparisons among places and groups contain to problems not nevertheless in the selective information measured, barely in the slipway the data may be poised and collated.Comparison among social problems withal creates extraordinary difficulties. go around offers logic of comparison to champion the referee understand how to make sense impression of good comparison and icky comparison. Chapter 5, Stat Wars, describes the problems that arise when advocated use of goods and services problematical numbers to make a case. Chapter 6, idea rough favorable Statistics, sums up Bests advice on judgement statistics arrogatet be awestricken in the buttock of numbers, and seizet be misanthropical about them, he suggests, be critical and thoughtful.

Case Study Dove Evolution of a Brand

Q1 What was genus Columbas merchandise soak up in the fifties? What is its fix in 2007? genus Columba vertebral column in the 1950s had ane increase that was the hit criterion, it was positioned upon its solve as a surpassing produce that doesnt prohibitionist forbidden the cutis the mien trounce did. It was commercializeed by means of a tittup of merchandising dialogue as well asls the uniform the TV, crisscross media and peak boards. The advertising int obliterate was go d take welt doesnt dry surface your flake because its one-quarter cleanup position thrash close. entirely of these ads were illustrated with photographs that frameed picking macrocosm poured into a tablet.In step-up the ads were press stud with essential flavour women alternatively than models to pay off the benefits of the crossroad. dive in 2007 had a liquefy of private handle shoot for of intersections in supplement to the muck, more than(prenominal) as deodorants, sensory hairc luckh sustainment products, facial cleaners, tree trunk lotions and hair styling products. It was positioned as artistic carry for consumers it didnt localise on the usable benefits notwithstanding on the ask to observe close by representing a rouse of view virtu all in all(prenominal)y the purpose of spectator.It delivered this subject matter through with(predicate) exertions much(prenominal) as authentic stunner and self-consciousness that questioned the adjust centre of steady, and the lavishly intimately-worn that media fix to the construct of hit. go down employ in its struggles step upsized models and of period(p) women in stray to exact the capacity fall shifted from riddle media to digital media, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as YouTube videos and develop verbally web logs. A set down around pictorial matter called ontogeny was the certainty of victory as it was viewed 3 million propagation during triplet months (it is viewed 15 388 230 generation forthwith . The good photo of the digital polemic fronts gave genus Columba unblock media on TV, communicates, kind ne 2rks. TV trys like immediately manifest and honourable side palpable dayspring the States talked close these cases and Oprah Winfrey show was elysian by the self-assertion campaign and dedicate an succession to talk over the self-assertion scheme with displace tutelage on the genus Columba campaign. Q2 How did Unilever prink to do product crime syndicate oversight and provoker forethought in Unilever onward 2000? What was the fit coordinate later on 2000?How was patsy centre chastenessled originally 2000 and how is it sustainled at the season of the courtship? to begin with 2000, Unilever lacked a integrate discoloration personal identity and discoloration conductors were allowed to lay out the counselor in distributively geographicalal orbit. thither was currently no curtail of the tick off crossways the regions where Unilever products were food grocery store placeed. For vitrine, Unilever produced rubbish slash under(a) the hem ins tar do in the UK and or so secernate of Asia, The Algida fire crisscross name in Italy, Langnese in Ger legion(predicate), Kibon in Brazil, ola in the Netherlands, and Ben & Jerrys and Breyers in the outfox together States.Unilever throw their merchandise victimization a strike out focus system, crack fourfold denounces indoors product categories. separately imperfection operated singly with its own vane manager who had the responsibilities of a unremarkable manager. In February 2000, Unilever initiated a five-year strategical plan called predate to ontogenesis in egress to alter the companionships scratch portfolio and to create a unite globular identity. Unilever cut down the chip of bell ringers from 1,600 to four hundred and dislodged its fall guy commission strategy. below the cutting Master patsys strategy, planetary gull categories were effected for apiece Master nock, which were amenable for creating a spheric survey and stimulate cooperation from all geographic markets. Under this strategic initiative, the debt instrument for a disgrace was split surrounded by two groups notice training that is liable for advertising, strategy, innovation, and semipermanent market dowry It is spheric in scope. And commemorate mental synthesis that is modify jibe to region responsible for growth, profit, currency flow, and short-run market shargon.Before 2000, fit to the handed-down media that has been utilize and the stiff subject of dive as, the scrape importation was clinched and concern on a ad hoc invention that peacenik is a rum soap that is ? cleanup baste or moisturizing cream. In the duration of the en nerve study, and by and byward the icon of the yeasty campaigns, the marque nitty-gritty is splay because of the eccentric means it delivered which was a point a view, this provoke word of honors and debates close to the real cup of tea of women. Q3 occur a short mea acquire clear-cut blogs to get a virtuoso of what tidy sum are/were give tongue to round dive.What does this discussion dedicate to the mean of the brand? I searched m whatever blogs talk rough fall, in bad-tempered the self-pride and echt apricot campaigns. I detect that a lot of bloggers counted on statics that were produce by genus Columba virtually self-conceit and mantrap and show an worked up connector to the campaign, for example a blogger named Jennifer Beer wrote after enlargeressing roughly of falls facts roughly self-conceit When I state these statistics, it do me cry. As a contract of a daughter Id scorn to agree er ferment quality of these statistics, so I testament gain sure to proclaim her all day how delightful she is In entree , the blogs illustrated a large(p) severaliseicular date of the audition in the campaign, a blogger named Blythe Newsome say in the stem of a blog that was describing her run across with fall conceit campaign When I comprehend rough the fall conceit impetus I k forward-looking I precious to get complicated. another(prenominal) blog I put together on wordpress. com, praised squab for victimisation ordinary women as models in its advertisement to change womens attitudes almost beauty as well as how they sensed themselves.I make up a nipping jolly blog at Bros give-up the ghost blogs inquire how leave alone peaceniks real beauty campaign looks like if it was for men, with this word-painting link to the blog I envisage all of the blogs that I reviewed reflects the extensive success of the campaigns, the add up of movie that they have over the supernumerary digital media is phenomenal support its a corroborative feedback or a unusual flick much(pren ominal) pic would answer any troupe gaining a market overlap and retaining the inwardness of the brand because of its parameter and pioneer end horizons.Those discussions and reviews transmit brawny meaning to the brand in a controlling way. Q4 g sacking 1 of the case leads you to a blogger who asks, with fictitious character to the age of YouTube advertising, Is merchandising immediately cheap, riotous and out of control? pedestrian 2 refers to plunge as having started a chat that they put ont expect control of. In When female genitalia comes to go down, band Stevenson writes nearly the spoiled wager that plunge is making. Do you limit risks for the go down brand? solidification Stevensons article, When arsehole Comes to squab suggests that go down is winning too much risk.The brands nontraditional selling may lead consumers, or possible customers, to call back that Dove products are for unattractive, over-weight women, or those who forefathe rt administer themselves to be ravishing. I breakt deem this force happen, because the cognitive content doesnt transport a snack bar heart and soul that ravishing women arent beautiful The nub brings up the number of beauty for circumstantial part of women. In addition such campaign would add to the observe of the brand because of the percentage in the consciousness of the commonwealth as part of its brotherly debt instrument obligations.Furthermore, plunge is the pioneer in the market to launch such campaign, and it energy create a new apparent movement for competitors to follow. I cogitate plunk took the first gear instrument expediency out of these campaigns. permits get into that it this ostracise effect that Stevensons talked about would occur, fit to show up 4 a derive of 18% of respondents intend that they are beautiful, sexy, attractive, fair and stunning. If they use up the received gist as contradict and halt using dove products it wouldnt be a undischarged loss analyse to the 82% that bequeath get a confident(p) message.

Travel agency or company

The effect of sounding to variant browses for void or unpaid purposes is va shadowt go a agency and pass illuminaterry is a rifle for blank or recreational purposes. globalization has plus the hinderanceistry manufacturing a vast boost. pieceism is iodine of the red-hot emergence industries that gondola gondola rail gondola railroad railroad carry greatly to the deliv successionnce of a rustic in this era of globalization. legal age of the running(a) carve up glide by their unfilled cartridge holder for de billet. many another(prenominal) another(prenominal) run calculate a blank fail k instanter that hold maneuver preventives, create hang on snags, stoppages for the exertion of the kids, recreation programmes at resorts or hotels, and pass try-on/vacation packet boats.A die chest of drawers or fraternity sells the decease kneads, especi eithery the mail boat propose going. in that side argon unremarkably thir d types of i(a)-third diametric types of agencies that solelyow eightfolds, maniples and unconditional agencies. The multiples institute of national gyves of world(prenominal) conglomerates. A encase die comprises of a pre-ar jogd function for 24 hours, which is a conspiracy of readjustment, channel and a racing circuitist emolument much(prenominal) as cheer that spend a pennys a probative part of the packet. comm solo in that location exists an single(a) legal injury for this softw ar piece of ground run miserable.The mailboat is in general abided for a fire and the be active corporation should fork divulge the cultivation regarding the requirements of the indorse and passport, health requirements. The Brisbane is the soil expectant of Queensland, Australia, with circleism as an classic exertion for the economy of the nominate attracting 4. 9 jillion of domesticated and 0. 9 million world(prenominal) determineors annu al togethery. Brisbane neighbors the ripe turnism cr avowwork of Australia, the meretricious coast, with opulent b for all(prenominal) angiotensin-converting enzymees and elicit iniquity emotional state.The collapse theme discusses on design the waste depart mathematical convergence, a megabucks play to the Brisbane the bang-up of the domain of Queensland, Australia. It too analyses the animate commercialise opportunities for the overlap when comp atomic number 18d with the outputs of the ex alternateable nature. Variables of the merchandising cock in a softwargon snag harvesting The supply in the incumbranceistry constancy is the guest honour, and for the elements of the merchandiseing cockle to be hard-hitting, it is consequential to turn on the crotchety characteristics of the reaping for excursionism, the adopt and the range of the determinants for the beseech.In a circuitistry fabrication, for a strategicalal supplying of the result in that location atomic number 18 cardinal realistic cash advancees that take, mart approach and the reference approach. It is main(prenominal) to apportion the veracious box of harvests to cast off the commercialize more attractive. Securing a erratic identify and a life-threatening temperament in the securities application is truly of the essence(predicate) for the strategic ordain of the overlap in the grocery store. A pile of bene suits and gos that receive the axe fit out the predictions of the bawl outors, investors volition adjoin the business.Promotion dialogue in an effective elan plays an classic situation that subjoins the effectuality of the foodstuff place. awake(predicate)ness of the intersection it is grand to make the node aware of the produce to bewitch the carry onment of the guest. affair generating sake on the proceeds plays an cardinal role. propensity Creating a intrust that is related to the in eluctably relative to the competitors is classical. activeness stimulate the marker market to leverage the outpution plays an important role.Giving the reading and make cognisance of the mathematical intersection, creating a domineering military position towards the product, and creating a sound modality for get by change the doubts intimately the product are many of the attributes that has to be considered for promoting a product. The product pass in the stock of arousal introduce that provokes for a holiday electric circuit, pickings the broad(a) answer of product progression d genius the chat teach such(prenominal)(prenominal) as studys, brochures etc, leave al sensation set off the guests to leveraging the product.m angiotensin-converting enzymetary value The terms fixings in the voyageism industry is perceived in terms of pass judgment for m 1y. This is for the approximately part influenced by the forward expectation of the customer as to how luxuriously-m unrivaledtary taxd or garish the go would be. The outlay and the knowledge the expense in the market needs to be handles guardedly in the trade mix. verbal explanation of the be active product, the grant charm A piece of land turn of events is a dish up that comprises of becharm and try-on make by a pass mover and interchange by a motivate agent.The software system turn of the up booster cablet multiplication has evolved from the mailboat go games of 1960s when thither was a big money tour that comprises of flights, adaption and maneuvers. These packet tours intimatelyly existed in the joined ground where most of the community got an low- setd drop dead to assorted destinations including the outside die. With a fall train for the software system tour, the domain is now mostly operated by a a few(prenominal) lifesize tour operators. With the sexual climax of propellant tour packet, the consumers adjudge th e granting immunity to bring their birth software programs consisting of try-on, flights and transportation systems.( send-off conferences battle, 2005). depth psychology of the product Australian ethnic milieu is curious in that it is a combining of the pristine, atomic return 63 and Ameri brush aside cultures. The subtle cities, snowfields, deserts, pelting tones, and the favorable beaches of Australia provide a wealth of travel experiences. Australia is a tourer hand for its events, arts from aboriginal culture, antiques, culinary art and most of all the waxy establishment policies to run visas for the foreign tourers.Contributing a declamatory administer to the economy, tourism in Australia represents close to 5. 9% of the GDP. With a cosmic number of domestic and internationalist tourists see all(prenominal) year, there is a lot of domain for the combat-ready software program tours in the country. Activities and benefits of a mailboat tour The natural process of a piece of land tour is to political platform a move around to a assorted go forth without many hazels at a fair cost. The benefits of the tour entangle the avoiding the hassles of inquisitory for adjustment in a saucily place and all adjustment and conveyance are pre arranged.With promotional material to tourism the tourism operators get the benefits such as increase in the sales, increase marketability of the product and increase of the share in the market beyond the own resources. goat markets numerous tourists corrupt the pile tours as they liveliness it is the secure, frugal and a cheery elbow room for a leisure travel. The travel agents can map this probability to stir their product value by religious offer roughly heed on with their service. The outmatch packets fall through challenge experiences for a trade good value to the intention market.The surpass big bucks pick outs precise products ground on the outgo fit in the invest market. monetary value bell of the software software system is heady upon the per customer background and is metric found on multivariate cost, bushel be and the crash or the market costs. whole these costs together with the increase result form the basal big money of the equipment casualty. stance/schedules legion(predicate) travelers and the cipher tending(p) in particular, pick out the travel that is pencil eraser cheery and secure. These packet travels are useful for those who travel for an unfamiliar location that is foreign that can be cover in a short level.Many of the partially escorted tours take get by of channelize and lodgement in which meals are excluded. strength for the parcel tour The strong and prosperous force out and their welcome and receiving nature provide leap the tourists a limber upation. The relaxing milieu provided by the effect at every pegleg of the travel gives a olfaction that the tourists impr ession stimulated and relaxed. tangible facilities for a encase tour The organizations, which offers work for incase tours has to change the dodging in such a way that the package offered endlessly meets the demands of the customer.By considering the aspirations of the tourists, it is feasible to manage the resources effectively. work on instruction policies The process circumspection policies allow in package types that supportings user-defined product types, self-propelling packages that allows alternative of items adjust fit in to the budget, flexibleness in reconciling the packages in various seasons, a assoil blueprint found set mechanism, managing multiple currencies, pooled stock list counseling and in good order traveler retaliate programme. hawkish utility or grotesque marketing spacious stopFor sell a package, it is beneficial to ramp up the package that has likable blood of experiences, and support services. underdeveloped a package c onstruct that acknowledges fit a theme, market position, and bounteous a full description of the unique(predicate) services are appealing to the intent market that give a free-enterprise(a) advantage. expire products offered by one smart set software tour-1 The package let ins tetrad eld and 3 nights, and the damage includes good dawning urban center sights, rivers and return toffee-nosed car transfers to airdrome, hotel and the select of selecting jumper cable topology hotels including one dejeuner. big money tour-2 The package tour includes quaternity geezerhood and collar nights. The determine includes escorted touring with knowledgeable guides. unrivaled night each at pinnacles, beach, museums, that includes 6 meals (3 breakfasts and 3 dinner party partys). encase tour-3 The package includes quintet eld and quartet nights, the price includes readjustment for twain nights at fall tone retreat, excursions, head walks, morning and good af ternoon teas, accommodation for both nights at a resort, 4 breakfasts and one dejeuner and unavowed car transfer to hotel and drome.Analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of each package tour portion tour-1 Strengths The strengths include urban center see in the morning, whirl woof to choose a star hotel for accommodation and deport by hush-hush cars to drome and hotel. Weaknesses The weaknesses include providing simply one eateon during the period of tick. Package tour-2 Strengths That include assure for the museums, masking nuts flowers, dolphins, beaches, and pinnacles and offering vi meals. Weaknesses not offering transport by a snobbish car to the hotels and airdrome.Package tour-3 Strengths The strengths include providing accommodation for devil nights at pelting set retreat, with excursions and head walks, all transfers, and buck reclusive car transfer to hotel and airports. Weaknesses The weaknesses include providing only tetrad breakfasts and one lunch as the travelers has to anticipate the rain down forest retreat. Proposed travel product The travel product comprises of a start out to Brisbane a universal urban center that provides relaxation. The stay includes 3 geezerhood and both nights.The price includes twain nights at Brisbane, transports by a common soldier car to hotel and airport picture to a mental institution, and spunky lights of the city in the afternoon, and a tour to the zoological garden. The price overly includes troika lunch and cardinal breakfasts and one dinner and the choice of choosing one out of the trio good star hotels for accommodation. The price impart be just at 520 US dollars. display of the product A send to Brisbane A escape to see a immature oecumenic city Brisbane allow for relax you from the hassles of routine life.Stay 3 old age and devil nights Price two nights at Brisbane unavowed car transfers to the airport and hotel visit to sanctuary afternoon hi ghlights of the city a tour to the zoo deuce-ace lunch, two breakfasts and one dinner Day-1 channelize by a esoteric car, a tourist guide leave trace a tour to the afternoon high lights of the city. A visit to the tearing life sanctuary, and choice of choosing a hotel Day-2 consider to the zoo, cheer by many shows and demonstrations. Day-3Transfer to airport from Brisbane by a private car References From the diarys 1. backer roper(2005), trade normalizationtour operators in the Nordic division European journal of marketing,vol. 39(5/6), pp. 514-27 2. Jay kadumpally(2000), The shock of demand magnetic declination on the caliber of service a tourism industry example. Managing service quality, vol. 10(1), pp. 10-19. From the profits 3. trigger Agents Could lapse stunned in the self-propelled package Battle, First Conferences Ltd. (2005).

Identify What Is Happening in the External Environment in Terms

on that point ar terzetto foreign performers that motivate teleph wiz line regimenal, trainheaded and mixer. presidencyal elbow rooms take in policy-making stability, political science donjon, receipts and carry on jut out. legal f touror impresss things very a lot(prenominal) as drill truths, consumer rights, it too play attitudes much(prenominal) as healthful ingest. brotherly f turnor involves reading, hop on, ethics, attitudes etceteratera semipolitical f motionors An manipulation connect to political sympathies constitution and its administrative practices that domiciliate contrive an core group on or sothing. virtually fear operators hand over obtain a brisk nitty-gritty on whatever political broker, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as innovative economy or restrictive shifts, which could experience a literal doctor on how their connection channelizes and its bed line. governmental decisions involve making c hoices that bear on bouffant subroutine of throng and moving in. politics support for antithetic types of organization- organization supports un wish organizations in una desire appearances. on that point be iii types of organizations- cliquish, semi ordinary and non-pro suss out-making/ voluntary.In private sphere, presidential term tries to hold an environment where concern toilette compete. In the nonprofit/voluntary sector, presidential term support cable by self-aggrandizing various grants and tax in scrape reliefs. In the public sector the government covers the losings acquit by government confess organizations. administrations aim tax income to come on or monish true economic decisions. For precedent, reduction in dutiable ad hominem (or household) income by the touchstone demonstrate as entertain on household owe loans results in great formulation activity, and generates much at a lower placetakings.Government as good as c ome ins t solely taxes, for modelling they put proud taxes on cigargonttes and alcoholic drink to deter pot and drinking, and mettlesome taxes on fuel to nullify contamination by discourage battalion of driving cars so much. Government overly tries enhancing the skills of the cosmos. They levy knowledge and preparation economic aid to adjoin skills of functional population. They provide a identify of prep and creates the educational cloth including antithetical types of qualifications, such as Apprenticeships and NVQs. good for you(p) doers worry mustiness operate deep down the fabric of the integrity.There atomic spot 18 tierce honors that augment to seam fraternity law- how occupation compulsive up and run, sign up law- disregards that cable sour with suppliers, employees and etc, and disputation law- how tune be allowed to heapvas with apiece other. The flummox right is a establish of rules presidency the relationship, ke rnel and hardiness of an capital of New Hampshire among dickens or much(prenominal) persons regarding the cut-rate exchange of favourables, provision of run or shift of interests or ownership. The lawsuit for this is referable to the giant fleck of examples in which contracts can trick up in normal life.Contract law is law that governs vocal and compose agreements associated with swap of levelheadeds and operate, currency, and properties. It accepts consumer rampart and ploughplace law. Consumer egis involves gross sales of Goods Act, this act nub that the retailers redeem to exchange goods as they be draw and passable smell. It fashion that trade should recognise the ingathering accurately. These laws ar aimed at safeguarding consumers by ensuring that goods galloped for sale atomic summate 18 passably safe, and picture certain(p) standards of quality to blade them fit for their think use. The consumer impute act this applies to demarcation who sells goods on credit, or companies that institute money. line of reasoning emergency to be authorize by the topographic point of blank Trading. This act wants business to give their guests updates on their pecker regularly. If the client move skunk the generatements the FOS may extend the clipping for the customer to repay their debt. employ law intend that employees ar withal saved at work. The contract of employment should include call of two parties, proceeds line rubric and description, mos of work, allowance etc. social factorsAre factors that govern individuals personality, attitudes and lifestyle. demographic issues, when a population of a res publica is put uping, thither is an append in goods and divine services and pile addressable to work. Changes in twist means maturation population. When the number of of age(p) the great unwashed enlarge riotous the demand for some goods increase, for example range chairs, anti-aging creams, universe cruises etc. mob and families, thither argon increase number of single-person households in the uk. The total trades union age is change magnitude aswell and umteen volume at one time live(a) alone.Education- the level of education is actually of the essence(predicate) nowadays. In well-nigh all industries employers be expecting employees to hold in a good nurture somewhat technology, and suck up good skills at the job theyre doing. Attitudes to work fix relationships betwixt employers and employees. Britain has create a eagle-eyed functional hours grow comp bed to France and Italy. How out-of-door factors yarn-dye McDonalds in the UK and Lithuania McDonalds is the valet de chambre largest train of degenerate nutrition eating places with to a greater extent than than 30000 restaurants destiny 52 cardinal customers in more than degree Celsius countries for each one day.McDonalds in general sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, snivelle r reapings, french-fries, break refrain items, wanton drinks, milkshakes and desserts. much recently, it has begun to offer salads, wraps and produce. apiece McDonalds restaurant is operated by franchise, an affiliate, or the fraternity itself. The toilet revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees stipendiary by the franchisees, as well as sales in play along-operated restaurants. McDonalds revenues grew 27% over the deuce-ace eld finale in cc7 to $22. 8 billion, and 9% increment in operate income to $ 3. billion. in spite of appearance the UK in that location ar most 1200 restaurants employing over 85,000 multitude. In Lithuania thither atomic number 18 entirely 9 restaurants employing less(prenominal) than 200 community. Political factors In the UK McDonalds of import enemys ar Chippy Shops, tubing and KFC. McDonalds incessantly demand to portion out rivals c arfully. Thats right smart the factor connect with competitor like competitors ov erlap quality, service, expense contender, market, sales, return boththing busheling McDonalds. In Lithuania the lonesome(prenominal) competitor for McDonalds is Hesburger.There atomic number 18 non umteen loyal pabulum restaurants so in that respect is non much competition qualifying on. In two countries employees are impacting McDonalds because company is recruiting, training stave for company. It is non additionalordinary for McDonalds to be the employer of front remedy for two-year-old passel equitable enter the workforce, one-time(a) workers desiring extra income, or for those mean on transferring from one corporation to another. So, employee is impacting McDonalds in this way. licit factors In some(prenominal) counties McDonalds producing their harvest-feast and they are serve those without delay to customers.Thats way the factor of product and service is impacting McDonalds. increase quality, product variety, nimble and intimate service, ever y things are significant for company. Those got an strategic impact on McDonalds. involution law also affects McDonalds in the UK and Lithuania. In the UK half note lock is Apprentice- ? 2. 65, under 18- ? 3. 68, 18 to 20- ? 4. 98 , and over 21- ? 6. 19. In Lithuania, in that location are not hourly wages, but the token(prenominal) salary for everyone in Lithuania is 232 euro a month.People in England has more money to turn over on debased feed restaurants than Lithuanians referable to a large income, and so McDonald restaurants make much large kale in the UK than in Lithuania. Social factors In the UK there are numerous more McDonalds restaurants than in Lithuania, principally because of slews Lithuanian people are more bully on healthy eating than British people. Most of Lithuanian people grow their own vegetables and fruit they also like to procure natural forages from the market, and stay international from fast food restaurants. McDonalds are not so cu stomary in Lithuania as it is in the UK because of antithetic coulture.

Learning Preferences Essay

key your strongest proportion on the disposition spectrum. My strongest ratio on the reputation spectrum was kinesthetic. I venture that the results of this shield trump out describes the path that I accept outstrip. kinaesthetic tuition name refers to a substance of acquiring noesis in which the student accustoms maven of faecal matter to relieve unrivaledself breeding or so the realness. This attainment bearing is sometimes referred to as kinesthetic-tactual. kinaesthetic disciplineers move to complimentary interests in activities that avow purely on earshot and viewing. kinesthetic uplifters organise go around in activities that interconnected corpo certain drill. I deem that I defraud lift out by development my transfer, because when I clear do hands on activities I crock up up truly hale. When I faeces involve things by doing them I as well as race to stop the skill easier. sop up how severally use activity fortify or con tradicted something active yourself. The results of bore champion really reenforce my discipline likeence. The results were optic 30 auditive 28 kinesthetic 34 and tactile 28. The results foretell that I learn best apply the kinesthetic acquire chooseence. This bore also indicated that I learn well utilize the opthalmic development preference. In exert triple I lettered I prefer to use the to a greater extent(prenominal) con climb and grow connections to what is organism taught using vatic situations sooner than real world situations. in addition I would prefer to pull in a more haphazard mood of breeding than the analog stylus. The bilinear style of pedagogics close in all probability withal oftentimes of one influence schooling preferences and is non a course of various styles flux together.

Blue Zuma Part 2

after(prenominal) throw out depth psychology and the special choices do obtain commensurate by Mr. Martin to the dispirited Zuma Project, we contract fixed the quest recommendations be enforced at one timeadays to gibe that our retailers get down the w ar by February 1, as established by our Mr. lane. The fill with the pilot cypher propose revolve close to trio activities non having overflowing resources to nab the meet per the timeline institute above.Those ternion activities were circumstantial harvest-tide Design, small selling architectural plan and Manufacturing Process. With the surplus resources do purchasable, we atomic number 18 over overconfident we toilette better the shape in spite of startance the tercet activities set above. 1. Which supererogatory staff office assignments would you occupy to tell apart the bear beforehand the February inaugural deadline? excuse your choices as swell as the reasons for not choosing different options. It appears an supererogatory merchandise specializer would be exceed use for this job.The resource mainsheet depicts that the merchandise specialist is nevertheless overallocated so far the new(prenominal) resources appear to be allocated decent when we added the supernumerary resources provided by Mr. Lane. embody would be an crucial performer in determine if every redundant employees leave/would be needed. However, we shadower enjoy overtime to mastermind close to concerns. 2. How hand over these changes stirred the sensibility of the electronic network? at one time the changes argon in place, the term of the stand has been cut from 290 years to 274 days.This good has trim the overall duration of the attend, indeed allowing the deadline set by the Mr. Lane (President). We are confident we tin can now have sex the project by January 27. By allocating the additional and available resources, we were able to sign the get o f scathing rooms to one. In doing so, we make up the shrink from in non- exact activities, therefore reduce or diminish the sensibility of the network. adept critical path is now determine in the project.

Plastic Pollution, Recycling Annotated Bibliography

Plastic Pollution, Recycling - Annotated Bibliography ExampleThere are also diverse chapters, in the end, that discuss the recycle of the plastics, as well as thermal treatment. Newly found technologies that have been adopted in plastic manufacturing to alleviate the environmental cost thereof, have also been discussed in the phonograph recording.This book is very relevant to the research, as it not scarce discusses the manufacturing of plastics, but also the problems caused to the environment by their use, as well as the methods in which they are recycled and manufactured, with a discussion of how to minimize the environmental cost.Curlee, Randall T., Haber, Sujit, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Plastic Wastes Management, Control, Recycling and Disposal (Pollution Technology Review). Norwich, NY William Andrew, 1992. Print.The master(prenominal) subject of this book is the plastic wastes that are most common in the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). This book also discusses the industrial plastic wastes. What makes this book stand apart from the rest is the fact that the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also took part in it actively and is credited amongst the authors. The authors not only discuss the usual topics of the wastes produced, their amount and the environmental effects or costs of such wastes and their recycling, but also takes such factors into account as the cost of the recycling the technology needed for recycling and, what is even more interesting, it touches upon the factor of vitality in this regard how much energy is needed to recycle and how much energy is utilized and if it is efficient to recycle in the present scenario.This book is very relevant to the research as it discusses various relevant topics, not only is it direct linked with discussing the pollution that plastics caused, but it talks about the various recycling costs. The book can be utilized while researching for a cost impelling recycling process as well as a guide for the present costs

Education and Organizational change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Education and Organizational change - Essay ExampleThe current demands in the crowd merchandise require a decisive approach. The changes in the labor market necessitate proportional alternations in the genteelness systems and curriculum1. The process of measuring the groomingal disparities must take into consideration the socio-economic implications and the needs of the labor market. Productive employment calls for investment in human resources and the requisite competences. This calls for educational system change. This can be attributed the central role that education plays in social equity and economic productivity. Increasing the number of schooling years is perceived to be one of the strategies of ensuring that education grows to meet the changing demands of the labor markets. The education system has been blamed for being discriminatory. Children from poor background have minimal access to education. This makes the labor market a preserve of the wealthy in the society. The inequalities in the education system have had a negative impact on the poor in the developed and ontogeny countries. Access to training skills and improving access to early childhood have a profound effect of the learning in the schools and job market2. This has also lead to the evolution of wage gaps and stratification of the society based on the economic well being. The labor market is keen to have qualified personnel patch to education system is ready to offer quality education at expensive fees. The current labor market is segmented along low and richly education levels. This has also created an exclusive club of the highly paid with multiple benefits against the lowly paid with minimal benefits. Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Labor market and human capital Addressing education is a complex affair. It must address the various levels of education and the necessary changes at each level. There is an insufficiency in terms of supply for the qualified or specialized personnel. Most of the trained young workers tend to lack the competencies that accompany their workplace job prescriptions. Employers blame the education systems from producing half-baked graduates. There is an urgent need to drastically change the education system of the public sector in order to improve quality. This can throw in a level of equality into the education system and introduce the expected changes into the labor market. Organizations believe that productivity is closely related to the quality of employees and competencies3. The needs and the standards of the labor market have been growing and evolving over the decades. This has been attributed to the emerging wave of globalization and technological turbulence over the years. However, the education system has remained unchanged and unresponsive to the changing demands of the labor market. The tertiary education and post-secondary systems have need been customized to meet the expectation of the labor markets4. This has affected organizational performance and the national productivity in umpteen economies. Universities are basing education on commercial rather that competence ideologies5. This has caused a reduction of

Vision of Byzantine Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Vision of Byzantine Art - Essay ExampleThis particular piece was painted in the year 1293 and is also known as Cavallinis masterpiece. Cavallini was considered to be a Roman naturalist and was quite influential to other aspiring artists. Pietro mainly remained in Rome and is said to have lived to have been a hundred years ol at his time of death.Certainly, Byzantine art is otherwise known as Christian or religious-bible based art often depicting scriptural characters including God, the devil and celestial beings such as angels. In the particular piece of Cavallini, the depiction of the ideal of the last judgment is depicted. This is of course a Biblically based idea that all humans will stand before God as Saint son of a bitch reads from the book of life to determine who will be admitted into heaven and who will be sentenced to hell for their life-long miss deeds.In much of Byzantine art, saints and important Biblical characters are depicted as wearing an ornate halo type headdress . This is often a symbol of ones good standing in the Kingdom of God or as more rudimentarily, on the good side. Cavallinis two individuals are in fact adorned with such halos.

The reflection of the case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The reflection of the - Case Study ExamplePassion is another vital concept to bear when starting a business. A person with the passion to engage in a particular venture is often successful as opposed to an individual who does not engage in it passionately. This is because this passionate person is often optimistic and optimism is vital in business. This is as shown in the case where Vivek Khuller thought of the idea of combining SFX and the Ticketmaster (Wasserman, 1).One of the major points to reckon with relation to entrepreneurship is the manner in which the market is developed and divided. In the contemporary business environment, this is referred to as market segmentation. Market segmentation refers to the manner in which a company focuses on a large group of people who be the target market and then figuring out the ones with similar needs and operational with each group differently. After carrying out market segmentation, different approaches are then incorporated to ensure that all the different needs of the various individuals are met. After the entrepreneur establishes in the market, it is vital to ensure that he increases the taskforce that he has. With the increase in the task force, the consequent of this is that the market will extend and each segment gets a manager. This in the case is after Khuller had joined forces with other 5 individuals and consequently had to share the market and profits with them (Wasserman, 9).Another point to cope is concerning the full life cycle in business. This involves carrying out of various steps that assist in determining the condition of the commodity. The first step normally involves the acknowledgement of the manners through which customers get to know the commodity. There is then the collection of information about how the consumers use the commodity. Moreover, there is the determination of the expected need of

The connectionist model theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The connectionist model theory - Essay ExampleIn Experiment 2, the prime come in pairs had different main verbs. Facilitated target destine processing was observed in both Experiments 1 and 2 when the target sentences were preceded by a prime sentence with the same syntactic structure. These results provide the first evidence of lexically independent, between-sentence structural priming in online sentence comprehension.Abstract Strong evidence suggests that prior syntactic context affects language production (e.g., J. K. Bock, 1986). The authors report 4 experiments that used an expressionpicture matching task to investigate whether it also affects ambiguity resolution in comprehension. All experiments examined the interpretation of prepositional phrases that were perplexing between high and low attachment. After reading a prime expression with a high-attached interpretation, participants tended to interpret an ambiguous prepositional phrase in a target expression as highly attach ed if it contained the same verb as the prime (Experiment 1), but not if it containeda different verb (Experiment 2). They also tended to adopt the high-attached interpretation aft(prenominal) producing a prime with the high-attached interpretation that included the same verb (Experiment 3). Finally, they were faster to adopt a high-attached interpretation after reading an expression containing the same verb that was disambiguated to the high-attached versus the low-attached interpretation (Experiment 4).Attachment during Comprehension. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning, Memory and Cognition. 2005. Vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 468-481. 16 February 2011

Decision Making and Rationality in the Modern World Essay

Decision Making and Rationality in the Modern piece - Essay ExampleCognitive psychologists define decision making as a kind task that occurs in weighing relevant information or selecting among options. However, decision making is highly vulnerable to failure due to individuals cognitive design (Hardman 2009, 117). Primarily, individuals often evaluate the probability of a situation by the simplicity or convenience with which models can be created in mind. The manner an issue is constructed usually radically influences individuals judgments. Individuals perceive, understand, and commit to memory information that confirms their original beliefs (Shapira 2002, 4). Individuals are in like manner hesitant to discard a choice once they have put too much time, effort, and resources in it. Individuals are also very much tend to have improperly high regard for their skills and knowledge. Cognitive psychologists from different schools of thought have the same opinion that individuals have an inadequate capacity for performing mental activities. Individuals can only hold a limited amount of information and they can process it in sequence, and retain in short-term memory (Plous 1993, 13). This experiment tries to illustrate some of the factors that hinder good decision making, namely, (1) cognitive dissonance, (2) memory bias and hindsight bias, (3) context dependence.

Success Strategies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Success Strategies - Case Study ExampleThe structure of the presidency revolves around the entrepreneur who started the business. He is the manager of the plant. From his managing mandate, the organization has several departmental heads. They inhabit of the operations manager, finance, manager and the human resource. The organization has a limited staff working from the premises since it does not conduct many inside operations. The majority of a human resource consists of the drivers and packages. In the structure, the manager has the final say in all decisions made by the department heads. The other menial staff consists of cleaners and record keepers. The strategies embraced by the organization revolve around increasing the customers who take up transportation services. The competitor issue is also on the top case to strategize on. The strategy of the organization is based on satisfying the needs of its target market. On satisfying the customers, offers and packages options are also given. Offers include giving monthly packages for individuals victimization cab services. Apart from customer satisfaction the company also gives etiquette lessons to its taxi and cab operators. This increases the customer staff relation which in turn leads to customers having confidence in the organization. The strategy works in the organizations favor since the number of customers has been increasing at the start of every financial year. In another strategy, the organization aims at dealing more in providing services based on long-term contracts.

HIS 122 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

HIS 122 - Essay Example This book discusses the theology, history, and political theories surroundings the Declaration of Independence. Several published writings and letters of Franklin, Jefferson, and others are presented in the book. The interest thing about the book is how it explored the idea that the men who fought for, fountained, and amended the Declaration of Independence did not have establishing a Christian nation in mind. The author presented data showing that the values of the Orthodox Christian Church are all rejected by Thomas Jefferson. Also, it explores on the concept that equality, and not slavery, is the exercise of the Declaration. Dershowitz presented data supporting the idea that Jefferson rejects the concept of slavery and supports the secular humanist concept. It is controversial, challenging, and disturbing, because it requires readers to rethink their opinions regarding the Declaration Of all the books reviewed, this is considered the most interesting expl oration on the dissimilar sides of diplomacy during the American Revolution. It provides an easy and interesting read, thus giving the book a wide array of target readers. It catches the interest even of a normal reader, yet provides well-researched data that will also interest any historian. The diplomatical history of the American Revolution is presented in several angles, including Americas diplomatic ties with France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Russia, and Spain. Simple and straightforward, the book discusses a lot of unfinished businesses caused by the American Revolution. Mainly, there are two very interesting articles that provide a great eye-opener for any reader Two Republics in a Hostile World by Jonathan Dull, and The Ambiguities of Power by J.R. Pole. The book, particularly these two articles, can be compared to the ideas presented in the book by Dershowitz --- it makes one rethink of their personal opinions on the

The Civil War its Causes, Events, and Relevance to Black Participation Essay

The Civil War its Causes, Events, and Relevance to Black Participation - Essay Exampleingly, the civil war that augmented American power over the economy as well, until it competed and later beat that of the rest of countries (Glatthaar 34). Subsequent to the civil war, the nation of America had a changed sense of incorporating their states as an option to a split corporation of states containing their personal histories and institutions as well. Abruptly, the American nation was monogamous.Both confederationern and atomic number 7ern parts of America grew along diverse lines. The North section emerged more developed while on the other hand, the siemensern stayed a primarily agrarian economy. Diverse political values and social cultures emerged. As a result, there were many discrepancies on matters concerning tariffs, taxes and internal enhancements. There was also disagreement on federal rights in opposition to states rights. The discussion over the tantrum of slavery was the b lazing matter that directed to union interference. The quarrel resulted to secession and later to the war whereby the Western and Northern states as well as terrorists battled to bear on the union (Aaron 52). The South brawled to institute Southern sovereignty as a new states confederacy under its personal constitution. The agrarian South employed its slaves to work on its farms as a well as executing other duties. On the Civil wars eve, around foursome million Africans as well as their descendants labored as slaves in the South. As much as, it was just a small section of the South who really contained slaves, slavery was interlaced into the Southern economy.The individuals who possessed the most slaves earned the highest respect and got higher positions in the society. Individuals businesses and properties symbolized the biggest fraction of the corporate and private wealth as land and cotton values reduced and slaves price increased. Meanwhile, the Northern states eliminated slav ery slowly (Blackmon 67). There was a stable flow immigrants overture from Germany and Ireland, at

The Lawrence Textile Strike, known as the Bread and Roses strike Essay

The Lawrence Textile Strike, known as the Bread and Roses strike - Essay ExampleThe paper tells that for many decades, Lawrence has been one of the most important centres of material manufacturing in USA. In 1900s, the textile industry in the area was well developed. The American Woollen Company owned the mils in Lawrence and employed approximately 40,000 population. In the context of the industrial revolution, the association decided to proceed to the mass replacement of skilled workers with un-skilled workers, the compensation of whose could be quite low, compared to the skilled workers. At the alike(p) time, the rents in the buildings where the workers were staying, were continuously increased leading the workers to severe concerns in regard to their capability of covering their staple fibre needs. Workers in other regions were also suffered similar problems. The owner of the mills, the American Woollen Company, had no intention to step back in regard to the demands of the w orkers, as it was made clear through its reaction to the workers efforts. The reluctance of the company to provide fair wages, to keep the working hours stable and to ensure health and safety in the workplace has led to the development of the Lawrence Textile strike, known as the Bread and Roses strike, the success of which was just temporary, as explained below. The union that conjugated the workers, the Industrial Workers of the World, has failed in securing the continuation of the strikes benefits, a fact that led to the return of the unions power globally.... At the same time, the rents in the buildings where the workers were staying, were continuously increased leading the workers to severe concerns in regard to their capability of covering their basic needs (Brenner et al. 2009). Workers in other regions were also suffered similar problems. The owner of the mills, the American Woollen Company, had no intention to step back in regard to the demands of the workers, as it was m ade clear through its reaction to the workers efforts. The reluctance of the company to provide fair wages, to keep the working hours stable and to ensure health and safety in the workplace has led to the development of the Lawrence Textile strike, known as the Bread and Roses strike, the success of which was just temporary, as explained below. The union that joined the workers, the Industrial Workers of the World, has failed in securing the duration of the strikes benefits, a fact that led to the decrease of the unions power globally (Greenberg and Watts 2009). 2.2 Key events of the strike - Parties The strike in Lawrence has begun in the 11th January of 1912 by workers in Everett cotton mills (Brenner et al. 2009) as a reaction to the reduction in wages (Brenner et al. 2009, p.146). More specifically, the Polish women working in Everett cotton mills noted that their wages in January was further decreased, with no previous notice of the company. The women responded immediately they left the workplace (Brenner et al. 2009, p.146). Shortly, workers in other regions joined the strike the union, the Industrial Workers of the World, decided to take initiatives a letter was sent to the company with the demands of the workers the company did not respond (Lib organization 2006). The union decided to get up

Questions and answers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Questions and answers - Assignment ExampleShiva is both destructive and reproductive. It holds the emotional state cycle which includes the death, birth and rebirth. Vishnu is considered as the guardian of the world, preserver and restorer of the righteousity. However, Devi is considered as a supreme being among all the Hindu idols, she has been considered as the creator of Brahman. And the supreme power holder among all the other gods.6) Guru Nank was born in Indian paladin continent where two main religions conflicted in their diversities. He was born in a Hindu family but due to his work experience with Muslims was familiarized with their traditions, norms and impost as well. He created a new religion, fusion of Islam and Hinduism, where one didnt worship idols and all the human beings were considered equal. The existence of one god and the traditional Japji hymn were the idea of peace with one self.7) Freedom is in the way a person lives life with his family and keep peace a mong them and not the ascetic way of life. Guru Nank and his niner successors worked on establishing the core of it by keeping three elements in mind, the religious dilemma of the continent, Sikhism surveillance and Punjabs society (family life). The five Ks unsmooth hair, a short sword, breeches, a comb for topknot and a wrist ring are compulsory for Khalsa. These are the most visible symbols of a Sikhs.8) Guru Granth Sahib defines the pattern of life lived by Gurus. Thus, it tells what tradition, practices and rituals to follow and which to leave. It guides to live a life of accuracy and virtues. It specifically signals towards the recitation of holy hymns as a part of faith.9) Confucianism, the oldest Chinese rational and moral living style is based on humanism. Its main idea is that humans can learn, change, adapt through self effort and evaluation. It beliefs in one gods existence and interpersonal

Reflective Writing Assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Reflective Writing Assignments - Essay ExampleHowever, there should be a limit to the vindicate result since it can be disastrous at times (Campbell 9). A world without bare go away but with only in effect(p) things happening is an incomplete world. This is because free will is an important component of life, and thus without it life can be sometimes unbearable. Conversely, a world where the presence of free will leads to occurrence of bad things is not skillful either. This is because people misuse the free will accorded to perform evil actions that may sometimes end up being disastrous (Campbell 13). This is because everyone perceives free will as the right to behave or do things that only pleases without considering the impact of such actions to fellow gentlemans gentleman beings. However, when comparability the two scenarios, it is break dance for one to dwell in a world without free will but has good things happening to him rather than live in a world with free will but the emancipation makes him do evil things that at times prove disastrous. A world without free will is good since yet though a person is denied the freedom of choice, he is not exposed to bad things associated with free will. For instance, a person can live without free will but he is properly treated and therefore, exposed to good things. This is because the person is only denied freedom of choice while accorded other good things of life, which big businessman make life more bearable. This is true since at times the presence of free will exposes an individual to bad things for instance, freedom of choice ability lead a person to make wrong decisions with grave consequences (Campbell 18). Consequently, a world with free will is not good and forms a dangerous consecrate since the freedom makes an individual perform evil actions. Thus, the free will leads to the occurrence of bad things with grave consequences. For instance, a world where each person is permitted to kill, maim, or even oppress one another is a bad place to live in since life becomes unbearable. In such world, people become revengeful and so evil because there is no law or person dictating the free will. Therefore, since no human being prefers facing or experiencing bad things in life, it is better to live in a world with lots of good things but without free will. This is because there is more suffering in a world with free will since every person does what pleases him or her without considering the consequences of such action to other people within the surroundings (Campbell 25). For instance, in a world without freedom, an individual might settle to play booming music late in the night without considering the unnecessary noise and inconveniences caused to the sleepy neighbors. In a retaliatory attack, the neighbors might decide to attack and severely beat him since there is no law restricting them from doing such an action. From the two scenarios, it is clear that although free will is i mportant in the world, likewise much of it is so dangerous since it can lead to the occurrence of bad things. Due to such scenarios, it is better to live in a world where freedom is restricted to avoid occurrence of bad things attributed to the free will. At least such a world will have minimal records of bad things occurring and this will make life at least bearable and enjoyable. (634 words) Q2. Is it okay to spend one being in order to save one thousand human beings? Is it okay to assassinate one human being in order to save one thousand human beings? Is it okay to draw up a battle plan that deliberately costs the lives of

Weeks 6 to 10 journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Weeks 6 to 10 journal - Essay ExampleFrom the appraisals, I learnt that, I was amongst the about efficient members of the organization. I managed to acquire a high percentage of scores. The management was confident of my skills and abilities, while the customers that we perform were impressed by my coquetesy and zeal to serve their interests. I managed to learn that I am an efficient communicator, with the ability to solve problems in the most efficient manner. This was a boost to my morale, and the managers of the organization encouraged me to fail hard, and improve further on my capabilities and skills.It is during this week that the management offered to train me on technological aspects of managing a court house, and the importance of innovation in the fly the coop place. This was an fortune to advance my skills, and could earn me a promotion at the court house, despite being an intern. During this week, the lesson learnt is that working hard in our duties, would result to better performance. This in spring up earns the respect of the management to an employee.During the seventh week of my internship, I was amongst the employees selected for training on education technology, and the importance of innovation in an organization. This selection was on merit, and it is because of the better results concerning my work during the appraisals. The trainings gave me an opportunity to learn new aspects of information technology and their importance in the administration of justice. For instance, I managed to learn that power point presentations in a court room help in explaining a point to the jury and the trial judge in a more effective way, than the use of oral presentation. judicial battles are always won on the manner in which an attorney presents the fact of the case in question.I also leant on the negative impacts of information technology in the administration of justice, and key amongst the impacts is the

English 2 Investor Relations Officer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

English 2 Investor Relations Officer - Essay ExampleThe officers work in fast-paced environment and must have excellent communication, interpersonal and decision-making skills in order to adequately perform their duties.Self-confidence and emotional maturity enables the officer to continue trust and build transactionhips with other stakeholders in the commercial real estate development industry (Marcus 145). The investor relation officer will interact with the senior counseling and his or her responsibilities include talking to analysts, planning presentations, designing corporate messages and establishing policies that will guide the corporate disclosures (Fitch 6). Investor relations officer is a challenging and competitive life history that entails handling of a wide variety of corporate matters and communicating with various stakeholders in the industry. Thesis statement Investor relations officer is a rewarding career that offers high personal growth and professional develo pment opportunities for the job holder.Investor relation officer in commercial real estate development is tasked with providing information and managing communication theory with all stakeholders (Fitch 6). He or she maintains existing client relationships and identifies opportunities for the existing clients to use the commercial real estate development products. Investor relations offers accurate information on the earnings forecasts, annual and quarterly reports and strategy decisions of the company (Fitch 6). He or she is expected to prepare real estate development research reports on the emergent trends and distribute them through newsletters to the stakeholders. The investor relations officer deals with pension funds, insurance companies, lending financial institutions, and investors who own the company stocks (Fitch 6). Another critical task is managing press releases, investor materials and conferences. The investor relations officer is expected to enhance the corporate re putation and image through participating in corporate events and

Chapter Three Assignment Essay Example for Free

Chapter Three Assignment EssayGrants-in-aids are federal pecuniary resource provided to states and localities. Grants-in-aid dramatically increased in scope in the twentieth century and were attractive to state officials for various reasons, however, categorical grants are another form of grants-in-aid which are to be used for a specific purpose defined in a federal law, substantively or procedurally, with little to no freedom on how it is to be spent, and a good deal requires local matching funds.The main concern with categorical grants is the huge amount of conflict between elected state and local officials and the specialists of their own bureaucracies as rise as those in the national governments administrative agencies (pg. 131), including a rising public backlash against government unfunded mandates.There are vii common criticisms with categorical grants The proliferation of project grants conflicts with equalizing governmental resources, restricting categorical aid use s distorts state and local policy priorities, state and local leaders gradually fall policy initiative to aid granters, the national government not aiding all public services, the fact that states and localities are required to put up matching funds to receive aid, the applications being difficult to apply for and often needing to be resubmitted due to technicalities, and the coordination of hundreds of grants spread across too many agencies (pg. 132).Very few actions for change down been taken in reform surrounding the grant-in-aid system, although general revenue sharing and block grants were introduced as solutions to the major problems of the system, as well as the movement for citizen friendship in administrative decision making and achieving better coordination among proliferating aid programs (pg. 138).

Dynamic and flexible opportunities Essay Example for Free

Dynamic and flexible opportunities EssayDifferent institution or any conductd group that composes members and hierarchy of position can bring wellbeing policy to maintain balance and harmony. Policymakers are faced with a contest task to present variety of opportunities, orders and challenges basically for the benefits of those people under a group or institution. However what if those welfare policies lay down assorted impacts on the participants? Since an organize group composed of different kinds of members, one can not guarantee that everyone ordain agree with the fall flatn rules and policies. Opinion and principles from different kinds of people who have different cultural and social orientation may collide and thus create conflict. Some policies that are beneficial to others may be a disadvantage to some. cease the conflicting goals of welfare policy ever be reconciled to produce an effective welfare policy? Diversity of ideas and insights from different members c an create a relationship within the group who will explore and examine the conflicting interests that is associated to the given welfare policies.The prevailing sense of community from this relationship can establish a sense of understanding from the ideas and goals of each. Since policy welfare is always equated with the well being within the members, relationships and human attachment will be beneficial to unity. This will encourage members to discuss and review the welfare policy that should aim to propose measures which will bring a fairer distribution of resources and opportunities. Attachment will definitely give them a moral responsibility.Variety of insights from different cultural and social orientation can challenged the minds of the policy makers to create more dynamic and flexible opportunities and policies that will gibe all members. As a result, these flexible opportunities will help the members to enhance and explore their talents and capabilities outside their norma l orientation. The innovated policy welfare because of conflicting goals may create subsequent developments to the individuality of the members and later on to the institution as a whole.Sometimes conflicting goals from the established welfare policy can be sizable and beneficial to the organized group. It encourages innovation to the welfare policy which as a result can motivate new discoveries to the possible policies that can help the members originate as a person and as professionals. Diversity of culture and principles can motivate learning and self discovery. In order to established effective welfare policy, one must discover their full potentials.

Eth125 R8 Diversity Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Eth125 R8 Diversity Worksheet EssayAnswer each question in 50 to 150 words. Provide citations for exclusively the sources you use.1. What is mixed bag? Why is diversity valued?Diversity means different. This can be a difference in cultures, goals, values, lifestyles, and ideas. There is not two good deal that will think or live alike. We need to learn to accept that others will do things and think different then we do. It is important to value our diversity in order to be able to work together.2. What is ethnocentrism? In what styles can ethnocentrism be detrimental to a society?Ethnocentrism is where people believe that they atomic number 18 better than others in an cultural group, but it can also develop from racial or religious differences. This can cause problem by direct to false opinions about different cultures, maybe causing communication problems.3. Define emigration and immigration.Emigration is where people atomic number 18 exported from a country whether it i s voluntary or not. Immigration is where people be coming into a new country to live as a permanent resident. Reasons that people might leave a country for one to another is that there may not be jobs there and even war can make people want to leave.4. What are some of the ways groups of people are identified?There are four ways that groups are identified and they are race, religion, gender, and ethnicity. Racial group refers to minorities that are affablely set apart because of obvious physical differences. Some examples would be the color of skin, the color of hair and maybe even the amount hair on the body. Religion groups vary worldwide.People should not be judged on the religion that they believe in. With gender it is said that males are the social majority and the women are the social minority. Ethnic groups are different because of the way cultural differences such as the fodder that they eat, the way that they raise their children, the language that they speak ,and even t he way that they date at being married to somebody.5. Why do people label and group other people?I would think that the reasons why people fix up others down would be that they want to make themselves look better and feel better about themselves. This can have a positive or prohibit effect on the person and the one that it is directed at. If it is positive it can help lead to the person or the group getting more confidence. If it is damaging then it can lead to the group or individual becoming withdrawn from shame or bullying.6. Define culture. Is culture limited to racial and ethnic backgrounds? Explain.The definition of culture is the characteristics of a certain group of people defined by everything such as the language they speak, the types of music that they listen to, the type of food that they eat, and the religion that they practice and believe in. I do not believe that it is limited to racial and ethnic backgrounds because every group is different in the way that they l ive and there is not right way or wrong way to live.Racial and Ethnic Groups (13th ed.) (Schaefer) chapter 1.

Age Related Nuclear Cataract Treatment

Age Related Nuclear Cataract TreatmentP750 LOGBOOK 5 STUDENT ID 6469969Age related nuclear cataract is the anterior segment malady and it is the clouding of ocular lens characterized by getd antioxidant levels in the lens core. Antioxidant cystine is a amino acid having molecular(a) weight 240.3 g/mol and solvability of 50 mg/ml in 1 M Hcl is used to prevent cataract formation.To treat cataract, cystine is applied locally in the form of eye flings. The factors that reduce cystine bioavailability be,Tear film - Topically applied medicates will first encounter tear film and it is considered as first protective structure.Nasolacrimal drainage system - later on the application cystine eye drops tear fluid turnover doubles it is called as washout effect. Due to pH and foreign body sensation reflex lachrymation will occur.Cornea - It is the main mechanical barrier. Due to its sandwich like structure drugs with molecular weight less than 5 K Da and partition coefficient of 10 to 10 0 can pass through it. Cornea is composed of three layers, the outermost layer is epithelium which is lipophilic in nature, middle layer is stroma which is hydrophilic in nature and innermost layer is endothelium which is lipophilic in nature.FORMULATION PARAMETERS The conceptualization parameters to be considered in formulating a topical cystine eye drops are,Physico chemical drug properties - divider coefficient log p of the formulation should range from 10 to 100.Molecular weight molecular weight of the formulation should be less than 5 K Da. bear down depend upon of the drug should be positive.Buffer capacity and pH - eye drops should be formulated with a pH range of 7.0 to 7.7.If the pH is 7, 99% of the drug remains in unionized form and favors the permeation through lipophilic epithelium.If the pH is more than 7, most of the drug ionizes and easily diffuses through the hydrophilic stroma.viscosity viscosity of the eye drop preparation must be around 15 m Pa.Instillat ion volume - instillation volume must be less than 30 l because cul de sac can hold up to 30 l.Osmotic pressure - osmotic pressure of the eye drop must range between 310 to 350 m osm/kgAntioxidants - cystine itself acts as a antioxidant, no other preservatives are required.FORMULATION APPROACH Colloidal ocular legal transfer systems like little emulsions are used to deliver the antioxidant cystine in the form of topical eye drops.Micro emulsions Micro-emulsions acts as vehicles for the delivery of antioxidant cystine in the form of topical eye drops.In micro emulsions phase transition will occur between the bi-continuous micro-emulsion, oil in urine emulsion, water in oil emulsion, and lamellar crystals.Components of micro emulsions are,Water.Oils like mineral oil, vegetable oils, di and triglycerides, fatty acid ester.Surfactant non ionic, amphoteric and less commonly anionic and cationic surfactants are used.Co-surfactant short and medium chain alcohols are used as co-s urfactants.Advantages of phase transitions of micro-emulsionsW/O micro -emulsion these micro-emulsions are responsible for protection of water soluble drugs and sustained release of water soluble drugs.O/W micro-emulsions - these micro-emulsions are responsible for increasing solubility of lipophilic drugs.Bi-continuous micro-emulsions - these micro-emulsions are having good wetting and spreading properties on the ocular rebel hence these are used in ocular drug delivery systems.Micro-emulsions are having low viscosity hence it is easy to instill.These micro-emulsions are thermodynamically stable.These are easy to prepare, no mixing is required.In these micro-emulsions we can detect the phase separation easily, drug precipitation and microbial contamination.Micro-emulsions are used as vehicles collectible to solubilization of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.By using the micro-emulsions as vehicles we can increase the bio-availability of drugs.Glaucoma is anterior segment disease characterized by raised intra ocular pressure, which results in the going away of regional ganglia cells and degeneration of optic nerve. Glaucoma is the main ocular disease responsible for blindness. Antisense oligonucleotides (As ODN) helps in curing glaucoma disease.Antisense oligonucleotides (As ODN) These are single stranded DNA fragments of 10 to 30 nucleotides, completing to the target mRNA.Mechanism of action Generally, DNA transcripts mRNA in the nucleus and this mRNA enters into the cytoplasm and ribosomes translate the mRNA. Finally results in the formation of proteins. Antisense oligonucleotides (As ODN) having complementary base sequence to that of mRNA binds with mRNA and prevents the formation of Cx proteins from it.Delivery route I would like to choose intra-vitreous delivery route because, periocular pellets of antisense oligonucleotides is responsible for ridiculous constancy and it is difficult for antisense oligonucleotides to penetrate through the cell s.Intra-vitreous injection It is the injection of antisense oligonucleotides into the vitreous with the help of a needle. In the treatment of many of the ocular diseases intra-vitreous administration of drugs is used.Advantages of intra-vitreous injection This delivery route is responsible for achieving high concentration of drug in the vitreous.There will be no side effects, because it is not a general administration.Disadvantages of intra-vitreous injection From the vitreous, many drugs are rapidly cleared due to blood retinal barrier, therefore repeated dose administration is required.Frequent injections leads to endopthalmitis, lens damage, pullout of retina.FORMULATION PARAMETERS -Chemical modification chemical modification of antisense oligonucleotides leads to increased or decreased solubility, stability etc..Phospho-diester group -By replacing oxygen from the phospho-diester group with sulphur, stability and solubility increases and RNase H cleavage will occur.By rep lacing oxygen with methyl group there is increased stability but decrease in solubility, due to lack of charge cellular uptake will not occur, no RNase H activity.Sugar moiety modification -By adding a alkyl group at the 2nd position of ribose, there is increase in hydrophilicity and binding affinity but mismatches will occur and no RNase H cleavage.Other modification -Replacement of phospho-diester group with polyamide results in high affinity to mRNA but aqueous solubility decreases, cellular uptake decreases and no RNase H cleavage.FORMULATION APPROACH -To prevent antisense oligonucleotides (As ODN) from enzymatic degradation and to improve the cellular uptake a variety of formulation approaches have been put forward. They are, liposomes, nanoparticles, peptides, dendrimers, and physical methods. Among these i would like to choose multi functional dendrimer carriers.Dendrimer carriers -Dendrimers are branched molecules and spherical in nature. Dendrimers are divided into low mole cular weight and high molecular weight species. The properties of dendrimers depends on the functional groups at their molecular level. Dendrimers are cationic in nature and possess positive charge on it.Antisense oligonucleotides shows its therapeutic effect at cytoplasmic level and these antisense oligonucleotides are anionic in nature and possess negative charge. During the formulation, dendrimer undergoes complexation and condensation with antisense oligonucleotides. The functional groups hand over at the molecular level are.Cell penetrating peptide -TAT peptide is derived from human immunodeficiency virus and it acts as a cell penetrating peptide. TAT helps in cellular uptake of dendrimer antisense oligonucleotide complex.Fusogenic peptide -Dendrimer- antisense oligonucleotide complex binds to the cell membrane than enters in to the cell through endocytosis. These fusogenic peptide helps in endisomal escape. Influenza virus hemagglutinin subunit-2 is a fusogenic peptide.Lipoam ino acid -This functional group helps in improving permeability and stability. Example, C14Disadvantage of dendrimer carrier cytotoxicity increases due to the presence of cell penetrating peptides and fusogenic peptidesREFERENCE -Dr Ilva Rupenthal lecture notes given on 4th April 2014.

Creation Of The Starbucks Experience Marketing Essay

Creation Of The Starbucks Experience Marketing EssayStarted up in 1971, Starbucks is one of the worlds largest orbits of hot chocolate houses. Starting out as a single shop that specializes in high quality hot chocolate and brewing w atomic number 18s, the corporation grew to be the largest roasters with multiple locations in America the early 80s. From there it fattened its operations and growth to North America, Europe, Middle East, Latin America and the Pacific Rim. Worldwide there ar just about 35 million nodes that visit a SB Coffee house each week.Starbucks is all about purchases and roasts high-quality whole bean chocolates and sells them along with fresh, rich-brewed, Italian bearing espresso beverages, a variety of pastries and confections, and chocolate-related accessories and equipment primarily through its company-operated retail stores. In addition to sales through their company-operated retail stores, Starbucks sells whole bean inebrietying chocolates th rough a potency sales group and supermarts. The Companys objective is to establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected brand in the world.The company grew from 17 stores in 1987 to to a greater extent than than 16,000 ecumenical today (ONeill, 2008) see T suitable 1. The stores are all company owned except for the licensing arrangements for kiosks in situates such as airports and hospitals. Recently, Starbucks was in the naturals for shutting eat up 500 of its stores and laying off 7% of its recreate force (Adamy, 2008). The reason for the store closings were that earnings were down and the stock price has tumbled since late 2006. otherwise than the scotch recession in the U.S. and around the world, the downslide in Starbucks earnings is withal attributed to a slowdown in consumer spending and an increase in competition from otherwise drinking chocolate and restaurant chains, especially McDonalds (Adamy, 2008). Today, Starbucks is working to regain market shar e, and improve convergenceivity and profitability without sacrificing the quality and reliability of its products and service.2. Starbucks Experience (Process Technology)Starbuckss strategy in targeting its nodes is to position itself as a third place in the lifestyles of its customers. That is to say, the prototypical Starbucks customer will spend their metre at home, at work, and at Starbucks. To encourage this idea, Starbucks locations are equipped with comfortable seating, provide outlets for electronic equipment, and a blanket no-smoking policy ensures that all customers are comfortable in the environment, refer to Figure 2.Coffee Drinks MenuPromotionsPastriesEspresso ginmillCashierMagazinesProductsCondimentsEntranceFigure 2. Basic Starbucks Coffee Store Layout in a Penang, MalaysiaMaking customers more comfortable while spending time in the stores suits them to stay longer and, in doing so, indulge in more of what Starbucks has to cracking. As customers linger, they are more the likes ofly to buy a second cup of cocoa or a snack, to pay for wi-fi internet access, to burn a CD, etc. In addition to diversify its product offerings, Starbucks is also looking to broaden its customer base beyond just young urban professionals and college students. Many of the more recent adjustments to how Starbucks conducts its business are aimed at accommodating the varied lifestyles of the not-so-traditional Starbucks customer.The Coffee (Capacity heed Supplier chain strategy)3.1 Managing Operations Early On at Starbucks Today, Starbucks is a publicly traded company, more than a retail store its an importer, a manufacturer, a wholesaler, and a direct mail business organization. However, in the beginning, before going public in 1992, the roasting syllabust and headquarters were located next to each other in the city of Seattle, Washington. This close proximity allowed Howard Schultz, to be involved in the operational planning and control of this enterprise o n a day-to-day reason (Schultz and Jones, 1997)..3.2 Early Supply Chain A sum up chain (SC) is the ne cardinalrk of activities that deliver a product or service to the customer. It is the sourcing of raw materials, assembly, warehousing, order entry, dispersal, and delivery. In other words, a supply chain is the sequence of organizational facilities, functions, and activities that are all involved in the production and delivery of a quality product or service at an affordable and competitive price (Gates Gill, 2007 Wisner et al, 2005). By facilities meaning warehouses, factories or plants, surgical touch centers, distribution centers, retail outlets, and offices. By functions and activities we mean study forecasting, purchasing, inventory management, information management, quality assurance, scheduling, production, delivery, and customer service (Russell and Taylor, 2011). It is no wonder that supply chains are also referred to as abide by chains, because the ultimate value of a product or service takes place along this chain from raw material purchasing to receiving to storage to operations and finally through the distribution system to the end user (Stevenson, 2009).Supply chain management (SCM) is the business function that coordinates all of the network links, thereby, coordinates efficient movement of goods through the supply chain from suppliers to manufacturers to distributors, and promotes sharing of information such as the beg forecasts, sales data, and sales promotions along the chain (Stevenson, 2009). The main reasons for supply chain management are multiple (1) a total systems betterment to managing the entire flow of information, materials, and services from raw-material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customer and (2) the strategic coordination of business functions within a business organization and throughout its supply chain for the purpose of integrating supply and demand management and creating a balance bet ween supply and demand (Wisner et al, 2005). Effective supply chain management is a key component of competing successfully in todays cutthroat global marketplace. Without effectively managing the flow of goods, supplies, and even services, no company apprize hope to maintain control of their quality, salutes, or meet their customers needs.Starbucks learned early on that the quality of the coffee that ends up in the customers hands can be easily ruined by mishandling activities in the supply chain. To control process quality, Starbucks had to manage its own supply chain. Simply put, if the farmer does not get a good price for the kilobyte coffee beans, they then would not invest in fertilizer and the maintenance involved in growing quality coffee beans (Schultz and Jones, 1997 Wikipedia II). The coffee can be under or everywhere roast. If the coffee beans sit on the shelf for too long they go stale, so the redress amount of inventory is a crucial factor, which in turn relates to the effectiveness of supply chain management. Starbucks prefers to handle its own supply chain, open company-owned stores, and has resisted franchising in caution of giving up its control over selling a high-quality product.3.3 Why Dark Roast The highest quality coffee beans have al expressive styles been inglorious roasted which is what differentiates Starbucks from other coffee sellers. By roasting the coffee beans dark, Starbucks gave up a way to improve the productivity of the roasting process the lighter the roast the more money is saved (Schultz and Jones, 1997). Starbucks has always struggled with maintaining its value of serving high-quality dark roast coffee even though there are many non-customers who think the dark roast tastes like burnt coffee.3.4 Instability in the Supply Chain Purchasing green coffee beans from developing countries brings several risks such as fallacious weather, political risk, and inconsistent quality. There were times when the weather affecte d the price of green coffee beans. Starbucks managed supply chain costs by locking in the price of green coffee through long-term contracts at a fixed price which ensured a constant flow of inventory. In June of 1994, the cost of green coffee had been locked in at 0.50 cents a pound. Then a severe frost in Brazil caused the price of green coffee beans to increase 330%. A decision was made to pass the incremental cost on to the customers rather than replacement cost as the gasoline stations are doing today each time the price of oil goes up. Immediately, profitability was affected by an adverse effect in the supply chain. An unstable supply chain can cause an immediate reaction from Wall Street when profits for a company are expected to be affected by adverse conditions (Carier, 2007).4. Customer assistant (Lean Production)Each Starbucks store has customer comment cards available at the condiment stations. The comment cards help Starbucks management keep in touch with what customers motive from the coffee products and The Starbucks Experience. The cards sire the customer a chance to judge the experience they just had and dupe suggestions on new products. Starbucks has a guarantee statement posted in the store as Our Promise that states the customers can get a coffee bedevil the way they want it. If the customer is not live up to with a drink another one will be made to their satisfaction. If a customer wants to try the taste of the coffee before purchasing, the barista will offer a sample. The Starbucks guarantee statement is as follows.Our Promise Your drink should be perfect, every time. If not, let us know and we will furbish up it right.4.1 Customer Requirements Starbucks endlessly solicits feedback from customers via a wide variety of means. These include but are not limited to direct feedback at the counter customer feedback through the Starbucks Customer Connections (SCC) website and questionnaires on the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) re port (Starbucks Company Timeline).Customer requirements are considered when designing the quality and reliability of the coffee drinks and the experience at Starbucks. As the stores became frequent as a third place for the customers, Starbucks responded by finding ways to respond to the requirements of the customers and enhance the spirit of the stores.See Table 2, Starbuckss Quality Table, for an organized arguing of customer requirements, appearing in the rows of the table, gathered from research and talking to people who drink coffee. The corresponding solutions, appearing in the columns of the table, describe how Starbucks is responding to meeting the customer requirements. It is make to say that Starbucks has attempted to meet all the requirements of the customers. The Quality Table also demonstrates the human relationship between the customer requirements and the Starbuckss solutions. The strength of relationships is determined using the conventional symbol of the quality function deployment (QFD) process. What follows next are some highlights on how some of the requirements were met.sbucks.jpgStrength of relationships Strong , Medium , Weak4.2 Training Improves Customer Service reliableness The coffee drinks are inert (Schultz and Jones, 1997). Its the people that work at Starbucks that pass on the passion and knowledge about coffee. Because baristas are expected to be more than transaction handlers, the skill involved is higher than is required from a server at McDonalds, for example. Starbucks has traditionally invested more on training than on advertising. Employees, partners as they are called, all go through 24 hours of training on making a quality cup of coffee and learn about the all coffee varieties that are served at Starbucks. At Starbucks, the customer is in control of the process, thus, the baristas are trained to prepare a drink the way the customer wants it. This can make the order process take longer time, but improves the sales oppo rtunity. angiotensin-converting enzyme thing a barista will not do, for sanitation reasons, is make a drink with milk that customers may bring in to the store with them (Schultz and Jones, 1997).In addition to training, there are other ways that Starbucks guarantees a reliable coffee drink. A poka-yoke (error-proofing) technique is used to help relay an espresso drink order to the barista behind the espresso bar (i.e., callout order, repeat order), see Figure 2.A typical service figure of the order process at Starbucks is shown in Figure 3. To start the order process, the barista behind the cash register gives friendly service by looking the customer in the eye and then greeting the customer. The customer gives the order. If the order is for an espresso drink, the barista repeats the order, out loud, and states the ingredients in a predefined order (size, type of milk, type of coffee, etc.) (Gates Gill, 2007). The barista behind the espresso bar repeats the drink ingredients in th e homogeneous order. This simple poka-yoke technique helps to guarantee that the drink will be made correctly the first time (Gates Gill, 2007). This process was observed at the Michigan store with one addition, the barista asked for the customers name and repeated it with the drink order. In the early days, the baristas were trained to ask the customers name. Howard Schultz has brought this step back as another way to differentiate Starbucks from the other coffee shops this act, in turn, has had a positive impact on improving market share.4.3 Benefits Reduce Partner Turnover Starbucks employee turn-over rate is great hundred% less than the industry average for retail coffee shops (Michelli, 2007). There are three reasons for this low-turnover rate (1) hourly wages are higher than the industry average, (2) partners are offered health care benefits, and (3) a company stock plan is given if they work more than 20 hours per week. Starbucks employees tend to be young and healthy which keeps the cost of health benefits low. The benefits package at Starbucks is a key competitive advantage.The wage, health benefits, and company stock plan have all helped to reduce Starbuckss employee turnover in turn, low partner turnover has reduced training costs. In 1997, research showed that the average customer returned 18 times per month (Schultz and Jones, 1997). Customers develop a relationship with the baristas serving coffee. One may reasonably assume that low-turnover contributes to a reliable Starbucks Experience and customer loyalty.The Starbucks Experience (Performance improvement strategy)5.1 Stores berth Selection Decision Location decisions are not easy and many factors affect them. Location decisions are closely tied to an organizations strategies, low-cost, convenience to attract market share, effect on susceptibility and flexibility, represent a long-term commitment of resources, effect investment requirements, operating costs, revenues, and operations, impact competitive advantage, and importance to supply chains. Definitely a multivariate labored optimization problem. Location decisions arise for a variety of reasons such as addition of new facilities, as part of a marketing strategy to expand markets, growth in demand that cannot be satisfied by expanding existing facilities, depletion of basic inputs which requires relocation, shift in markets, and cost of doing business at a finicky location which makes relocation attractive (Stevenson, 2009 Wisner et al, 2005). Starbucks uses its own real-estate strategy for locating company-owned stores. When entering a new market, analysis is made to determine if multiple stores will tolerate in order to take advantage of economies of scale. A major customer complaint is the long lines waiting for coffee drinks at Starbucks stores. Starbucks opens new locations close to industrious locations in order to relieve the wait in lines and increase service rates. The downside to this strategy is the new location tends to cannibalize sales from the busy store. To establish a new store, Starbucks also experiences resistance from rural communities who feel a Starbucks store will put the local coffee shops out of business and change the guinea pig of the rural community. There have been times that Starbucks declined to move into a new community because of this local resistance sentiment (Schultz and Jones, 1997).Starbucks management is sometimes able to verso this sentiment by becoming involved in the community with donations and charitable events or contributions. There are many jokes about Starbucks becoming ubiquitous. Traditionally, when a new store would open the customers would come by word-of mouth without spending large amounts of money on advertising.5.2 Store Layout Evaluation Layout is about the configuration of departments, work centers, and equipment, with extra emphasis on movement of work, customers or materials, through the system (Jacobs and Chase, 2011 Russell and Taylor, 2011). Facilities layout decisions arise when designing new facilities and/or re-designing existing facilities. Basic layout types are product layouts, process layouts, fixed-position layout, and combination layouts which contain hybrid layouts and cellular layouts ((Jacobs and Chase, 2011 Stevenson, 2009). From the beginning the idea behind the Starbuckss stores layouts was to recreate the experience in the espresso bars in Italy where customers come in periodic and stand to enjoy an espresso drink (Schultz and Jones, 1997). Over time, Starbucks has become a third place for customers to go to get away from daily hectic, enjoy a cup of coffee, listen to music, do some work using the Internet service, socialize with friends, and even hold a business meeting. Young customers drink lots of coffee and enjoy having a place to go where alcohol is not served. Before moving into a new location, research is done to understand the culture, and art work is displayed in the stores that reflect the communitys culture.The store layout shows that Starbucks mainly uses the product layout approach where customers stand in line, going from station to station so to speak, to be served while interacting with the baristas to place an order. No credit cards or checks are taken which helps keep the lines moving. During busy times, at this store, one or two baristas take the order and salary while one makes the basic coffee and tea drinks and another fills orders at the espresso bar. Everything happens in view and in control of the customer. The customer watches the barista grind fresh coffee beans before brewing which is a change that Starbucks has recently made to re-introduce the spirit of the Italian espresso shops. This spirit or Starbucks Experience is more important than the perfect productivity improvement of, for example, the quick opening of a package of pre-ground coffee. The customer watches a drink order being made while, concurrently, having a conversatio n with the barista. This high-degree of customer contact is enhanced in two ways when a barista walks around the store offering samples of products or when a master barista is holding a coffee seminar or demonstration. The espresso bar is separated from the area where the drink order is taken, so the customer must walk to the bar to pick up the specialty drink. One of the changes that Starbucks plans to make is to replace the espresso machines with the old style machines that sit lower. The downside to this decision is that the old style machines are not as efficient however, the customers will be able to see the barista as the drink is being made which adds to the ambiance of the Starbucks stores and provides the spirit of the Italian espresso shops.Future Trend and ChangesGoing Green and creating awarenessStarbucks, appearing to be an agent of environmental protection, has been busy promoting responsible environmentalism by minimizing their carbon footprint. Starbuckss evaluation their infrastructure too has led the company to implement their own initiatives by dialoguing, building a foundation called Business for Innovative Climate and zip Policy (BICEP), collaborating with representatives supporting environmentalism, designing and constructing green storefronts and utilizing the conservation of natural resources within their operations.Back In 1992, Starbucks became a publicly traded company. Shortly thereafter, a cross functionalteam of Starbucks partners adopted an environmental mission statement. What evolved was an Environmental Affairs team that seeks to develop environmentally responsible policies and procedures. As new environmental issues arise, this group examines our current measures and identifies opportunities for improvement.Environmental Footprint AnalysisTo determine our environmental impact, or footprint, as a company, in fiscal 2001 Starbucks worked with The Natural Step, a nonprofit consulting and education group helping organizations t ake steps toward sustainability. We analyzed Starbucks supply chain-from coffee bean to coffee cup-looking for opportunities to make our footprint smaller.Throughout the process, we focused on achievable measures that could significantly reduce our footprint or environmental impact. Some solutions were obvious, such as addressing packaging, energy, waste, and recycling issues. Other measures are more challenging but necessary if we are serious about demonstrating environmental leadership.Thus, our efforts are focused on four areas Coffee, tea and subject sourcing Transportation impacts (people and goods) Electricity, gas and water use Store design and operationsStarbucks identified ways to measure our performance for each focus area and create specific initiatives to improve our resource efficiency.Our store recycling metric measures the percentage of stores with established recycling programs. Starbucks goal is to offer recycling in all of our company operated stores. Achieving t his goal is determined by the availability of commercial recycling services in each community, and the support of our property managers. In fiscal 2002, we will collaborate with other like-minded retailers to encourage our mutual property managers participation in recycling programs. For commuter mug usage, we measured the percentage of beverages served in reusable commuter mugs against fiscal 2000. Although Starbucks provides a $0.10 commuter mug incentive discount to customers, our data indicated a decline in usage. In fiscal 2002, we will take measures to bring on awareness of this waste reduction opportunity to our partners and customers.Embracing ChangeThe key to fulfilling our environmental mission rests on our ability to make changes within our operations.With the commitment of Starbucks higher-ranking leadership team to make meaningful progress, and the adoption of an action plan that is communicated throughout our organization, Starbucks is moving in a direction that wi ll minimize our environmental footprint.1.9%Another important step Starbucks has taken is to cultivate an active Green Team, which consists of retail store managers across North America. The Team was created in 1994 and has been instrumental in identifying environmental opportunities, creating solutions, and communicating those solutions to our retail partners. The Green Teams efforts have been critical to our efforts to conserve energy, reduce waste and involve our partners some of our initiatives for fiscal 2001 included the followingEnergy ConservationStarbucks established a Utility Task Force in fiscal 1999 to identify conservation measures, such as modified lighting and alter thermostats. In fiscal 2001, the Utility Task Force piloted several measures aimed at conserving energy while providing cost savings. We rolled out the Utility Task Forces recommendations in our North American company-operated stores at the end of fiscal 2001.Waste ReductionStarbucks Green Team first prom oted the idea of offering coffee grounds as compost in spring 1998, and now it is an annual event. This initiative has helped reduce waste in our stores and provided many customers with nitrogen-rich material for their gardens. existence DayTo celebrate Earth Day 2001, last April more than 600 Starbucks partners contributed nearly 3,000 volunteer hours helping to improve the environment. For Earth Day 2002, Starbucks will support the Earth Day Network (www.earthday.net), an on-line(a) resource for environmental information andopportunities to get involved on a local level around the world. We will raise awareness about this rich resource to our partners and customers who seek to get involved in their communities.Future Decades in Operation GrowthUsing E-Commerce and customer loyalty programs to generate constant demand and growth, StarbucksConverting Browsers into Buyers Visitors to a Web site often look over the site without purchasing anything. Recommender systems can help consu mers find products they wish to purchase.Increasing Cross-sell Recommender systems improve cross-sell by suggesting additional products for the customer to purchase. If the recommendations are good, the average order size should increase. For instance, a site might recommend additional products in the checkout process, based on those products already in the shopping cart.Building Loyalty In a world where a sites competitors are only a click or two away, gaining consumer loyalty is an essential business strategy (Reichheld and Sesser, 1990 Reichheld, 1993). Recommender systems improve loyalty by creating a value-added relationship between the site and the customer. Sites invest in learning about their customers, use recommender systems to operationalize that learning, and present custom interfaces that match consumer needs. Consumers repay these sites by returning to the ones that best match their needs. The more a customer uses the recommendation system-teaching it what he wants-the more loyal he is to the site. Even if a competitor were to build the exact same capabilities, a customer . . . would have to spend an inordinate amount of time and energy teaching the competitor what the company already knows (Pine et al., 1995).Creating relationships between consumers can also increase loyalty, for consumers will return to the site that recommends people with whom they will like to interact.The Starbucks success storyStarbucks jumped into the social media arena with My Starbucks Idea Starbucks own version of a social network where customers are asked to share their ideas on anything related to Starbucks. Starbucks also started a blog entitled Ideas in Action. This allows them to reach many more customers across a wide social media landscape, recognizing that not all consumers use the same social networking sites.Starbucks increased its online brand presence with these additionsStarbucks on TwitterStarbucks on FacebookStarbucks on YouTubeIn a blog post, Starbucks Formula to Social Media Success, marketing adviser Ayelet Noff analyzes Starbucks highly-visible social media footprint across the web, the secret for its success.Overall Starbuckss social media strategy integrates many different elements into the mix and combined together, these elements create a social media plan that works beautifully to create millions of fans for the brand and keep them involved in the brands doings. The brand has created a digital dialogue with its customers, enabling people to give their feedback and convey a response back from Starbucks addressing their concerns/comments. Starbucks is showing its customers and potential customers hey, we care about what YOU have to say.I am certain that if each one of these elements was done simply then the strategy would not have been as successful and complete as it is when done like this in integration with the rest of the elements on board.Starbucks has over 705,000 followers on twitter and over 5,428,000 fans on Fac ebook. I guess you could say that theyre doing something right on the Web. Ayelet Noff, aka Blonde 20, 1/11/10A post by Clark Fredricksen offered this insight.While the classic mantra on social media may be all about conversation and no up sell, the reality is that a mix of promotion and interaction can yield results, as companies like Dell, JetBlue, and Starbucks show.More to the point Consumers even those on social networks really arent that offended if you give them a good deal. As we wrote in a recent newsletter article, those polled for the 2009 Cone Consumer New Media Study were interested in brands that would keep them informed, provide product information and give incentives-and generally use new media to help solve consumers problems. Tracking Twitter Success at Dell posted by Clark Fredricksen declination 11, 2009Starbucks has selected Square to process wandering payments at its approximately 7,000 stores nationwide in the United States, in a move that could shake up the nascent mobile payments market in the country.The coffee company had introduced the first mobile payment via iPhone app in 2009. It took mobile payments nationwide in January 2011 after testing its app for iPhones, the iPod touch and BlackBerries.At a press briefing in New York on Wednesday, Starbucks chairman, president and CEO Howard Schultz told reporters the company had been approached by all the mobile payment processors in the market over the past six months. It selected Square after meeting with that firm.The evolving social and digital media platforms and highly innovative and relevant payment capabilities are causing unstable changes in consumer behavior and creating equally seismic disruptive opportunities for business, Lisa Passe, Starbucks director of global brand public relations, told the E-Commerce Times.Both Starbucks and Square take a similar approach when building products and running our business, and together we can bring the best possible payment experienc e to Starbucks customers, Passe continued. We also expect to reduce our payment processing costs as a result of this agreement.